Native American Gangs During European Colonization

Bernadette Stafford Rough Draft April 29, 2015 Native American Gangs Prior to European colonization, North America was home to up to ten million indigenous people with distinct cultures and hundreds of languages. Within 500 years the population was halved through disease and genocide. Today, Native American’s make up 5.2 million or 2% of the US population. This population has suffered the trauma of genocide, dislocation, poverty and oppression mostly through policies and confrontations with the federal government. The Indian Removal Act of 1830 started the systematic relocation of tribes away from coveted land rich in resources and began the process of forced assimilation of Native American people. Today, reservations are populated by the poorest 1% of US citizens. Inadequate education, a political system of custodianship where the US government acts as a guardian to tribes, soaring unemployment, disproportionate substance abuse rates, and profound poverty have created a climate where native youth have turned to organized crime. Gangs like the Native Mob and Native Disciples, which can be found on the notorious Pine Ridge and Rose Bud reservations have been on the FBI’s watch-list of crime syndicates since the early 1990’s. The Native Disciples and Native Mob have been heavily influenced by the Black and Latino Street gangs the Latin Kings and the Black Disciples utilizing similar recruitment methods of initiating youth as foot soldiers and engaging in drug trafficking,Show MoreRelatedNative American Gangs During European Colonization2674 Words   |  11 Pages Bernadette Stafford Final Draft May 20, 2015 Native American Gangs Prior to European colonization, North America was home to up to ten million indigenous people with distinct cultures and hundreds of languages. Within 500 years the population was halved through disease and genocide. Today, Native American’s make up 5.2 million or 2% of the US population (US Census 2013). This population has suffered the trauma of genocide, dislocation, poverty and oppression mostly through policies and confrontationsRead MoreHip Hop, By Maya Angelou Essay1432 Words   |  6 Pageswomen(Africa) more, referencing the White and Blue niles and the mountain ranges all over Africa. She writes, â€Å"Black through the years.†, which could refer to the Scramble for Africa during European colonization of the continent, no knew what the physical boundaries of Africa were, Africa before European colonization was a mostly unexplored continent. It could also refer to Africa’s problems they have faced throughout the centuries. For example, the atrocities don e by King Leopold II of Belgium, whereRead More The Colonization of Hawaii and Tourism Essay4434 Words   |  18 PagesThe Colonization of Hawaii and Tourism Since 1840 the Hawaiian Islands have been an escape to a tropical paradise for millions of tourists. People all over the world encounter alluring, romanticized pictures of Hawaiis lush, tropical vegetation, exotic animals, beautiful beaches, crystal clear water, and fantastical women. This is the Hawaii tourists know. This is the Hawai’i they visit. However, this Hawaii is a state of mind, a corporate-produced image existing on the surface. More preciselyRead MoreCaribbean Crucible: History, Culture, and Globalization4302 Words   |  18 PagesCaribbean Crucible: History, Culture, and Globalization Kevin A. Yelvington In the present age of globalization, it is often forgotten that these world-encompassing processes were initiated with European expansion into the Caribbean beginning more than five hundred years ago. We now see the proliferation of overseas factories enabling owners, producers, and consumers of products to be in widely distant locales. It seems to us that in the search for profits, commercial activity has recently spreadRead MoreImmigration During The United States1902 Words   |  8 Pagesway back in the day specifically in 1600 with the English pilgrims. People tend migrate in other countries for many different reasons. The colonization/mass immigration to the Americas started with Europeans seeking for religious freedom, about 100 settlers has settled themselves not too far from Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620.They were welcomed by the native people who taught them how to survive some bad weather condition. The settlers came and started a new life, many of them became very rich andRead More Cambodian American Essay2413 Words   |  10 Pagesto restore balanced and granting their nation’s independence back from the European colonization, they paid a price. The years of sad and worn out history of this nation’s corrupt government, turmoil, and followed by years of civil war thus making them in a state of dire emergence. Furthermore, with their bordering neighbor’s war, Vietnam, with the United States, Cambodia was slowly dragged into the state of darkness during the Nixon Administration. The Nixon administration conducted secret bombingsRead MoreThe Between White And Black1555 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Over centuries now, the white racial frame has kept this strong obsessive focus on black Americans as the dominant issue, problem, or reference point in an array of US institutional areas. Huge amounts of white energy has been expended on preserving systemic racism, including on the written and oral rationalizations of the societal rea lity† (Feagin 99). The dichotomy between white and black has been happening for centuries, you see it in history books, the mainstream media, and even within mainstreamRead MoreApush Chapter 1 Notes3298 Words   |  14 Pagessupplies that made it easier to hunt large animals, that crossed between the two continents, drawing people into unsettled territories †¢ Mongolian descent (present day Siberia) †¢ Southern Tip of South America discovered around 8000 BC †¢ By 1500 (Europeans coming), there were more people in the Americas than in Europe America Before Columbus †¢ Global Warming that ended the Ice Age created distinct regions in the USA that exist today. Ended nomadic behavior, created settlement. †¢ adaptation to surroundingsRead MoreThe Philippine Architecture: Spanish Colonial Period18287 Words   |  74 PagesSpanish; the way the Filipinos think of standards, the way Filipinos design, and the way Filipinos appreciate things. It can always be reflected on the buildings and houses that Spanish Colonization really made a mark in the Philippines. Typical Filipino houses evolved for the better because of their colonization. Our towns, streets, and governance were merely patterned on theirs. The formation of our streets, houses, and groupings of each citizen were simply adopted from the Spaniards. ReligionRead MoreBrazil and Mexico Comparative Analysis Essay6071 Words   |  25 Pagesgaining independence in 1822, before a peaceful return to democracy in 1985. Its major cities include Sà £o Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Salvador. Since reforming as a federal republic, it has emerged as an economic and political powerhouse in the Latin American region. Brazil’s role on the international stage is flourishing, as evident by their hosting of the 2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 Rio Olympic Games. Political Analysis The current head of the Brazilian state, President Dilma Rousseff, is the

The Caribbean People Free Essays

Saladoid culture is a pre-columbian indigenous culture of Venezuela and the Caribbean that flourished from 500 BCE to 545 CE. [1] This culture is thought to have originated at the lower Orinoco River near the modern settlements of Saladero and Barrancas in Venezuela. Seafaring people from the lowland region of the Orinoco River of South America migrated into and established settlements in the Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico, and Hispaniola. We will write a custom essay sample on The Caribbean People or any similar topic only for you Order Now [1] They displaced the pre-ceramic Ortoiroid culture. As a horticultural people, they initially occupied wetter and more fertile islands that best accommodated their needs. These Indigenous peoples of the Americas were an Arawak-speaking culture. Between 500-280 BCE, they immigrated into Puerto Rico and the Lesser Antilles, eventually making up a large portion of what was to become a single Caribbean culture. [edit]Culture Saladoid people are characterized by agriculture, ceramic production, and sedentary settlements. [1] Their unique and highly decorated pottery has enabled archaeologists to recognize their sites and to determine their places of origin. Saladoid ceramics include zoomorphic effigy vessels, incense burners, platters, trays, jars, bowls with strap handles, and bell-shaped containers. The red pottery was painted with white, orange, and black slips. [1] Distinctive Saladoid artifacts are stone pendants, shaped like raptors from South America. These were made from a range of exotic materials, including such as carnelian, turquoise, lapis lazuli, amethyst, crystal quartz, jasper-chalcedony, and fossilized wood. These were traded through the Great and Lesser Antilles and the South American mainland, until 600 CE. [1] The Taino of the Greater Antilles represented the last stage of the Ostionoid cultural tradition. By about AD 1100-1200, the Ostionoid people of Hispaniola lived in a wider and more diverse geographic area than did their predecessors; their villages were larger and more formally arranged, farming was intensified, and a distinctive material culture developed. They developed rich and vibrant ritual and artistic traditions that are revealed in Taino craftsmanship in using bone, shell, stone wood and other media. Social stratification is thought to have become more pronounced and rigid during this period as well. This stage of intensification and elaboration after AD 1100 is known as â€Å"Taino†. The Taino people, as characterized by archaeologists, were not a unified society, and have been categorized into subdivisions according to the degree of elaboration in their artistic and social expression. The Central or â€Å"Classic† Tainos are identified with the most complex and intensive traditions, and are represented archaeologically by â€Å"Chican-Ostionoid† material culture. They occupied much of Hispaniola, including En Bas Saline. The â€Å"Western† Taino occupied central Cuba, Jamaica, and parts of Hispaniola, and , are also associated archaeologically with the â€Å"Ostionoid-Meillacan† material tradition. The Lucayan Taino lived in the Bahamas, and the â€Å"Eastern† Taino are thought to have lived in regions of the Virgin Islands and the Leeward Islands of the Lesser Antilles. As many archaeologists have emphasized, however, the Taino were but one of the recognizable cultural groups in the Caribbean at the time of contact. They co-existed and interacted with other Ostionan peoples and perhaps even Saladoid-influenced Archaic peoples, such as the Guanahatabey of Cuba and the Caribs of the Lesser Antilles. How to cite The Caribbean People, Essay examples

Adolescent Case Study Essay Example For Students

Adolescent Case Study Essay Adolescent Case StudyI. IdentificationA. Kathy Johnson is a 14 year old female, a freshman at Parkway High School, and resides at 789 Parkview Way, Bossier City, LA 70000. II. History of FamilyA. The subject lives with her biological mother and stepfather. Thechilds biological father resides in Bossier City as well, but he has notmaintained a relationship with the child since he divorced her mother in 1981. The child also has a brother who lives out of state and has no relationshipor contact with him either. B. The subject comes from an upper middle class family. Her stepfatheris a high school graduate and owns his own construction business. Her mother isa homemaker and quit school during her sophomore year. C.The subject and her family live in Southern Gardens, a smallsubdivision in Bossier City. The family, for the most part, keeps to themselves anddoesnot have any close, personal associations. The few associates they haveare business colleagues and people from their church groups. D.The stepfather is a relatively healthy male, approximately 61tall, dark brown hair, brown eyes, weighs around 200 pounds and has no known physicalillness. The mother is 54 tall, blonde hair, brown eyes and hasnoticeable symptoms of depression and a significant drinking problem. Presentlyshe is in good overall physical health. E.Most of the familys interest revolves around the subjectsathletic activities such as baseball and church related activities such as Sundayservices and youth centered groups. F.The family attends a full gospel, nondenominational church on aregular basis. Their political views are primarily democratic. G.The family is of Italian descent and somewhat antisocial. Theyrarely see anyone on a personal basis and have no close personal friends. III. History of the CaseA.The subject is approximately 55 tall, long dark brown hair,brown eyes and is somewhat overweight, weighing in at 165 pounds. However,she is very athletic and is routinely involved in softball and basketball. Sheplays softball during the summer for her church league and has won numeroustrophies. During the school year, she also plays basketball for her churchbasketball team. She diligently attends every practice and never misses a gamein either sport. Although her physician states that she is in good generalhealth, she regularly complains of stomach pain and lethargy. B.Due to the subjects physical complaints, her school attendanceis relatively poor; however, her grades are above average in the A to B range. In the past, her attendance in school was better, but her grades were not ashigh. They usually remained in the B to C range. C.The subject receives an allowance of $25 per week for doinghousehold chores such as cleaning her room, vacuuming, and cooking dinner. Most often, she spends her allowance on name brand clothing and shoes. Fitting in with thePreppy crowd seems to be very important to her, hencethe expenditures on only name brand clothing, shoes, etc. D.Although she wants to fit in, she seems to lack the socialskills required in order to get along with her peers. She tends to besomewhat aggressive which often results in confrontations and arguments withpeers her own age. Therefore, she only has one close friend and is not partof any clique or group. According to her, the other adolescents describe heras being overbearing and bossy, so ultimately she stays to herself and doesnot get along well with her peers. E.The subjects recreational habits consist of playing softballand basketball and attending youth oriented activities at church such asyouth camp and bible studies. She is a very outgoing and aggressive teenagerwho often tends to try and force her opinions on her peers. Which in turn,has the opposite effect and more often causes her peers to become distantand antisocial with her. .ud6103274ea557f28bbbd445c2584b292 , .ud6103274ea557f28bbbd445c2584b292 .postImageUrl , .ud6103274ea557f28bbbd445c2584b292 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud6103274ea557f28bbbd445c2584b292 , .ud6103274ea557f28bbbd445c2584b292:hover , .ud6103274ea557f28bbbd445c2584b292:visited , .ud6103274ea557f28bbbd445c2584b292:active { border:0!important; } .ud6103274ea557f28bbbd445c2584b292 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud6103274ea557f28bbbd445c2584b292 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud6103274ea557f28bbbd445c2584b292:active , .ud6103274ea557f28bbbd445c2584b292:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud6103274ea557f28bbbd445c2584b292 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud6103274ea557f28bbbd445c2584b292 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud6103274ea557f28bbbd445c2584b292 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud6103274ea557f28bbbd445c2584b292 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud6103274ea557f28bbbd445c2584b292:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud6103274ea557f28bbbd445c2584b292 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud6103274ea557f28bbbd445c2584b292 .ud6103274ea557f28bbbd445c2584b292-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud6103274ea557f28bbbd445c2584b292:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Financial Analysis Of Tesco J Sainsbury Accounting EssayF.Her personal philosophy and ideology is based mainly on herreligious beliefs. She believes in the teachings of the bible and that thereis one God who controls and oversees the world in which she lives. Therefore,she is against premarital sex, drug and alcohol use, and abortion. Whenasked her politicalviews, for example who she would vote for, her reply wasBill Clinton, simply because he is a democrat. She seems to be heavilyinfluenced by her families political views, in that, she doesnt know muchabout politics, but she would vote for a democrat because her family belongsto the Democratic Party. IV. SummaryAfter interviewing and observing the subject, my findings relative to hercurrent status are the following:Her stepfather is physically and verbally abusive toward her motheroften forcing the subject to call the police. Her mother appears to suffer fromprolonged bouts of depression and ongoing alcohol use. Therefore, the subjectis required to more or less handle the everyday household obligations such ascooking and cleaning. She also has a deep resentment for her stepfather andfeels the need to protect and take care of her mother. In my opinion, the subject is suffering from physical and emotional neglectfrom her parents resulting in depression, low self esteem, aggressive tendencies,and bouts of hypochondria. V. RecommendationsMy recommendations would be to remove the subject from the abusivesituation by placing her in a temporary foster home and to require her parentsto undergo a full psychiatric evaluation. She should remain in the foster homeuntil her mother undergoes and successfully completes an alcohol rehabilitationprogram and receives counseling for the physical and emotional abuse which shehas endured. The stepfather should be required to stay away from the subjectand her mother until he undergoes counseling and no longer exhibits signs ofaggressive and abusive behavior. Other recommendations for the subject would beto prescribe antidepressants combined with group support with other adolescentssuffering similar situations and problems. Her aggressive tendencies and lowself esteem need to be addressed by placing her in a loving and emotionallystable and supportive household where she would be allowed to experience somefreedom from the emotional burden of having to run a household virtually byherself.

Satire Essay AP Language Essay Example

Satire Essay AP Language Paper False ethos would be making it seem like a person or a product has credibility and authority when it really does not even exist. This shows up multiple times throughout this satire. The Onion uses credible people to sell the product such as Dry. Arthur Blunt This is false ethos because he is not a real doctor, yet some people might believe what he is saying because his title is Dry. (Line 9). It also has statements from another man that has the title of Dry. named Dry. Wayne Franken (Line 41), which ivies the product false ethos appeal as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Satire Essay AP Language specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Satire Essay AP Language specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Satire Essay AP Language specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Then the Onion uses reviews from different costumers that have used the Manganese product and uses their good reviews on the product as an ethos appeal. Some of the reviews stated I twisted my ankle something awful a few months ago, and the pain was so bad, I could barely walk a single step, said Helene Kuhn of Edison, NJ. But after wearing Mismanages for seven weeks, Eve noticed a significant decrease in pain and can now walk comfortably. Just try to prove that Mismanages didnt heal me! (Line 56). This review s meant for ethos because it shows that this so called product actually works and that actual people have used it. The author added where this woman was from to make it seem more real and it worked. But the issue is that with a twisted ankle, that usually heels within a few weeks so she said she wore the product for seven weeks and felt a significant difference but it could have Just been the natural heeling process, not the Mismanages. Also before this review was put down in this writing, the author states that that Mismanages were released less than a week ago (Line 2). This proves that it is false ethos because Helene Kuhn said she had been wearing them for seven weeks, yet the product was Just released a few weeks ago. False logos is another appeal that appears in this satire writing. This shows up towards the end right before the reviews, but this is what gives away the whole satire. The doctor that did research on this product states Special resonator nodules implanted at key spots in Mismanages convert the wearers own energy to match the Earths natural vibration rate of 32. 805 Californians. What gives away the falseness of his statement is the type of measurement called Californians (Line 48). This is obviously false because the name of the doctor doing the research is Dry. Wayne Franken so the audience can see that he made this unit of measurement up and named it after himself. At first it seems like a legitimate thing but then it says Californians and the audience can clearly notice. The purpose of this is to make it so the reader Just sees research and numbers to make it seem believable but then give almost confuse and trick the reader. By using this appeal, it makes it seem as though his product is fancy and it is well known and researched thoroughly. Some Jargon used is pseudoscience (Line 5). This is fake science but if the reader did not know the prefix pseudo meant, then they most likely will be even more convinced that this product is legitimate. Another place where Jargon is shown is when Dry. Arthur Blunt states Its patented Magna- Grid design, which features more than 200 geometrically aligned Contour points, actually soothes while it heals, restoring the foots natural bio flow (Line 1 1) This is Jargon, or technical language because as a reader, and not any rotor of scientist, it is very hard to understand what this statement actually means. Yet, since this statement is coming from a doctor, it is actually believable especially from a students prospective, there is nothing at first that blatantly shows that this is a satire and the product is not real. Although there are many appeals used in this satire to try to make it seem like this product is a real thing, there are some things that give away the fact that Mismanages are fake. Some of the things are when the author states that there is pseudoscience (Line 5). This gives it away if the reader nows that the definition of pseudo means fake. It basically is saying, fake science. That is one thing that gives the satire away. Another thing is when the author states According to scientific-sounding literature This shows that the product fake and that the author is unsure of whether or not this product and research is actually scientific. There are many other types of appeals and fallacies that give this away throughout the reading but between them are hidden appeals that make this product seem real at the same time, and that is how the author gets the reader.

The Rise and Fall of Napoleon Bonaparte

The Rise and Fall of Napoleon Bonaparte Free Online Research Papers Napoleon Bonaparte was best known as the ruler of France. Not only was he this, but he was King of Italy, Mediator of the Swiss Confederation and Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine, he is considered by many to be one of the best military commanders that ever lived. His rise, reign, and fall marked the end of the Monarchy in France, and the start of a Republic. Napoleon was born in Ajaccio the capital of Corsica, a small island off the coast of France. At the age of 16 he became a commissioned second lieutenant in an artillery regiment on mainland France. After spending a few years back in Corsica he eventually attained the rank of Artillery Commander. He got his big break while commanding a republican government force at Toulon. His unorthodox way of commanding proved to be immensely successful as Toulon was successfully defended. The committee of public safety noticed how well he commanded the battle and promoted Bonaparte to Brigadier-General. During the time he was a general he led successful campaigns in Italy, Lombardy, The Papal States, and most noticeably Egypt; where he took a group of 167 scientists, mathematicians, naturalists, and chemists. This team made many important discoveries such as the Rosetta Stone. After all the success Bonaparte had outside the country he launched a successful Coup d’Ã ©tat of the provisional government set up by the French Consulate, and shortly thereafter pronounced himself Emperor of the French. Less than a year after his successful coup Bonaparte made his second campaign to Italy, which had been conquered by the Austrians while Napoleon was in Egypt. Although the battle started badly Napoleons forces eventually routed the Austrians in June at the Battle of Marengo leading to an armistice. After successfully re-taking Italy he was crowned King of Italy. In 1802 the British signed the treaty of Amiens, Which led to peace between Britain and France. The peace between the two rivals was short lied however, as the British opposed France’s annexation of Piedmont, and Napoleons Act of Mediation in Switzerland. By 1805 the British had started to lead a coalition force that included Russia and Austria against France. Bonaparte was able to hold back 4 of these coalitions until his campaign into Russia. In June of 1812 Bonaparte’s invasion of Russia began. The campaign was ill-fated from the start as Russia used the scorched earth tactic so that the French army found it very difficult to meet their basic needs. The Russian army was quick to withdraw from the border, and eluded battle with Napoleon’s army for most of their retreat until they reached Moscow. When the French army had taken Moscow their numbers had greatly diminished, as the army had started with over 650,000 frontline troops, but the scorched earth tactic, and the long Russian winter took it’s toll on the French, as only 40,000 troops made it back to France. After the French defeat in the Russian campaign Prussia joined a new coalition against France which included Russia, the United Kingdom, Spain, and Portugal. Initially Bonaparte had great success causing almost 100,000 casualties with the French sustaining only 30,000. As Napoleon’s success grew so did the opposing coalition, after the Battle of Dresden Sweden and Austria joined the force opposing the French. The coalition now had a force of 500,000 soldiers compared to 100,000 of the French Army. Realizing he faced imminent defeat Bonaparte abdicated in favor of his son. The coalition force took Paris in March of 1814. With the French royalists gaining power and the coalition against Napoleon Louis XVIII was returned to power, and Napoleon was exiled to Elba a small island in the Mediterranean 20 km off the coast of Italy. He ran the island as a small country, with a small army and navy and the establishment of mines and improving farmland. After 100 days in exile he escaped Elba in February of 1815 and returned to France after he had gathered a force of 140,000 soldiers and 200,000 volunteers. He sent his army to Waterloo for an epic battle with the British. His inability to survey the battlefield because of hemorrhoids was one of the defining factors in the British victory. After being captured by the Duke of Wellington while trying to escape to the United States he was exiled to Saint Helena, a small British held territory off the west coast of Africa where he lived until his death in 1821. His cause of death is unknown. In his autopsy the coroner stated that he had died of stomach cancer, but a study of his body done in 2001 revealed that the levels of arsenic in his body where 38 times the normal amount. Some view Napoleon as a great leader of France, his military tactics and Napoleonic code are still used today with modern armies. He set the stage for a diplomatic governing body of France, and he won the respect of the French nation. Research Papers on The Rise and Fall of Napoleon BonaparteQuebec and CanadaGenetic EngineeringAmerican Central Banking and OilThe Story of Beatrix PotterA Marketing Analysis of the Fast-Food RestaurantGene One the Transition from Private to PublicWhat are Stock OptionsBooker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois, Ida B. Wells-BarnettThe Equal Rights AmendmentExempt vs Non-Exempt Employees

8 interview questions when applying to a call center -The JobNetwork

8 interview questions when applying to a call center -The JobNetwork Whether they take orders or offer customer service, call centers are all fairly similar. So there are a number of common questions you can expect to be asked when interviewing for a call center job. Here are 8 to anticipate, along with some suggestions for how to answer them. 1. â€Å"Can you tell me about yourself?†How to Answer It: Emphasize your people skills, since call center work involves talking to people all day. If you’ve ever done volunteer work, now would be a good time to talk about how much you love it. Just be sure to give a fleshed-out answer. The interviewer wants to know more than the kind of information that is already on your resume. Go deeper than your basic statistics.2. â€Å"What do you think a call center is like?†How to Answer It: Stay positive! Maybe taking calls all day is not your ideal job, but if you really want this one, you need to describe a call center as an environment of excellent customer service with employees who are flexibl e, cheerful, and extremely helpful.3. â€Å"What do you know about our company?†How to Answer It: Before going on your interview, do a little research about the company for which you are interviewing. Being able to rattle off a few details about the company in very positive terms reveals an attention to detail, a team-player spirit, and a willingness to do your homework. Not having a substantial response signals that you don’t take getting this job very seriously.4. Question: â€Å"Why do you want to work here?†How to Answer It: Explain that you have the people skills necessary for call center work. If you don’t have call center experience- and you probably won’t if you are asked this particular question- describe your other work or life experiences relevant to call center work. If you’ve ever worked with customers or clients before, or ever had to defuse potentially explosive situations, you should mention such experiences in your response. 5. â€Å"What is quality customer service?†How to Answer It: There’s really only one answer to this question: â€Å"Going above and beyond expectations† is quality customer service.6. â€Å"What are your strengths and weaknesses?†How to Answer It: This is a common question in any job interview. If you’re trying to get a call center job, your strengths should include patience, problem-solving, excellent communication skills, fast learning, and friendliness. Discussing your weaknesses can be a sly way to further emphasize your strengths. For example, you can offer â€Å"I tend to work myself too hard† as a weakness. Just don’t mention anything too negative.7. â€Å"What is the salary you expect to make here?†How to Answer It: Ideally, you would just request the standard salary for someone with your qualifications rather than a specific figure. If the interviewer asks for a specific figure, keep it reasonable without aiming too lo w or you may end up making less than you deserve. Do some research to find out how much someone with your qualifications should earn at a call center.8. â€Å"Where do you see yourself in five years?†How to Answer It: This common question is a way to find out if you plan to stick around or regard the job as a temporary steppingstone. A company is not going to want to hire you if you plan to move on quickly, so tell the interviewer that in five years you see yourself working for this very company†¦but promoted to a more powerful position!

I am a nurse nursing students learn the art and science of nursing Article

I am a nurse nursing students learn the art and science of nursing - Article Example The meaning of experience came through in five themes that were threads throughout the responses from the students (Idczak, 2007). The first was fear of interacting with patients in which nursing students talked about how they felt about their first interactions with patients. Those feelings included fear, anxiety, nervousness, and lack of confidence. They did not have the confidence in how they might respond to feel comfortable. They found that they were afraid to ask RN's on the floor and so they were dealing with these feelings alone. Developing confidence was a second issue in which nursing students felt insecure, however, most of them felt that if they performed skills well that their level of confidence improved rapidly and that this confidence then helped with their interactions with patients. Becoming aware of oneself was felt to be something that was needed in order to interact well with patients. These nursing students felt that they developed self awareness through : "reflecting on their thought, reflecting on an interaction with a patient, comparing their thoughts to the actions of another nurse, and seeing inner role conflict" (Idczak, 2007 pg. 69). Nursing students must connect their new found knowledge of the science of nursing with their need for the art of nursing and their ability to interact with patients.

Art for the Sake for Society and Beauty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Art for the Sake for Society and Beauty - Essay Example Tolstoy stressed the emotional importance pivots on the value of communication as "infection". This aesthetic conception led Tolstoy to widen the criteria of what art exactly is. Good art, he claims foster feelings of universal brotherhood. Bad art inhibits such feelings. Tolstoy believes that it is unfitting of people in his society to continue to embrace the Greek tradition of art. He was also of the opinion that the most important quality of art is sincerity and he claims that professionalism causes a sense of sincerity in the artist as art which is produced for a living is more likely to be false and disingenuous. Oscar Wilde blames the public for this. He says that the art should never try to make it popular. The public should try to make itself artistic. The insistence of public to exercise its authority on art is immoral and the fault lies in the up bringing. Tolstoy's view of art mirrors the very idiosyncratic and sovereign nature of his own interpretation of Christianity. He was of the view that a good art must be religious art. He also claims that criticism or interpretation of art is irrelevant and superfluous. Oscar Wilde in The Soul of Man under Socialism also shares the same view on professionalism of art. He says, an individual who has to make things for the use of others and with reference to their wants and wishes does not work with interest and thus cannot put his best into his work. Upon the other hand, when a community or a government of any kind, attempts to dictate the artist what he should do, then art either wholly dies out, or becomes stereotyped or degenerates into a low and dishonorable appearance of art. Wilde too supports the view by regarding art as a matter of demand and supply. Tolstoy says, "A work of art is the unique result of a unique temperament. Its beauty comes from the fact that the author is what he is. It has nothing to do with the fact that other people want what they want." The moment art is made on demand and personal choice of the audiences; the artist looses the claim to be called an artist and is merely a craftsman and a tradesman. Art is the most inten se mode of individualism that the world had known. The artist is the only one who can fashion a beautiful thing and he does not do it for his own pleasure than he is not an artist at all. Art on order, as per Wilde, is aggressive, offensive and brutalizing. The art that has escaped best are the arts in which the public take no interest. (Oscar Wilde, The Soul of a Man Under Socialism) According to Tolstoy, art cannot be defined as an activity that produces beauty. Beauty cannot be defined objectively, and hence cannot be used as a criterion to define what art is and what it is not. The aim of art is not merely to produce beauty or to provide pleasure and enjoyment. He wished that art should be served as a means of communication and as a means of expression of experience. Like speech, art also serves as a means of union by transmitting the thoughts and experiences of men, the peculiarity of art being that whereas words transfer thoughts and ideas, art transfers feelings. Art develops a certain kind of relationship between the emitter who has produced it or is producing it and with all those who subsequently, simultaneously or

Factory job Essay Example for Free

Factory job Essay I am seriously going to explode one day. That Mr Birling is being totally out of order, he pays us girls nothing more than 20 shillings a day and that cant keep me alive for much longer. I have spoken to the girls and they agree with me that we should go on strike. That will make him think about the wages he gives the girls and me. I would rather quit but that would show the wrong side of me I am not a quitter, I am a fighter. I should of taken the job in the bakery but no I had to choose the factory job which could have been good and well paid but no they lied to me about the wages. Anyway I saw my Nan today, she is really ill I need the extra money for her medicine but if you ask me I think she will be going soon. I wish I could see my mum but she is in Yorkshire. I could not stay there because there was no work. There was work but I would never stoop that low. My sister got into that kind of work and she got pregnant out of that sort of business. This all the countrys fault I had to move here because of the lack of jobs in Yorkshire its ridiculous. The strike will still go on. Talk soon, thank you for listening. I am sacked now, looks like I need to starve my self once again all because I wanted more money to actually stay alive, hence I am starving myself now. Most of the girls got their jobs back and I loose mine that fair. Mr Birling has to learn that it is not business all the time, he has to think about other peoples lives that are not rich. I told him that and he obviously did not understand about higher and lower class, all he concentrates on is higher class and spends money like a fire in a wood. I better look for a job soon other wise I will die like my Nan did poor and helpless. I am living in my Nan house but I will probably not stay here that long because she has probably given the house to sally her friend on the street. Thank you for listening bye. I am so happy, I went to a interview last week with Milwards and I have a job now and its good pay and I can help sewing the dresses which is my life long dream. I have not got the house any more, Sally and Frederick her boyfriend live there now and I live in a run down hovel and nothing in it. I have no money and I have changed my name to Sarah so I can get a job because I got sacked and you what Mr Birling is like, he knows everyone. I am gradually getting richer but not much, I have got 40 shillings and I need to save that so I cant eat again. Hopefully this job will be successful and its nearly Christmas bonus but I wont get my hopes up. I have realised that my behaviour at Mr Birlings factory was bad but I was desperate and I need the money. I need to be really polite in this shop because lots of posh and higher class shop here and like I said I dont want to work on the street. Thank you for listening. I got sacked once again. I have not been a pain but I did make a funny look when Miss Birling was showing her dress to mum. Even her mum didnt like the dress, you could tell by her face. I laughed as well but that was because I tripped other the stall. I think she complained about me and said to Samantha the boss to sack me. The Higher class always gets their way and bosses always want money. Thank you for listening. It has come to the worse now. I am getting money but I hate sleeping with scummy old men who smell of beer and sometimes dont even pay you for your time. I really did not want to become a slut and sleep around but I am and I had to change my name again. My name is Daisy Renton now. I have lost two stone. I am probably going to die one day and probably poor, helpless and with no family by my side. I might go back to Yorkshire but I have myself into a business. I am going out with Gerald. He was a customer but he likes talking to me and he bought me food recently and I that was touching. I met him in the palace bar. I was there for business and business is good there because all the rich people are there and have no lady of there own because they are so ugly. Gerald is so sweet. Talk soon. I am really depressed and my live is over now because Gerald has left me he gave me some money but I love Gerald I need him he kept me away from trouble. A man recently beat me up and Gerald looked after me. He is a star and he always will be. The money has been going down the drain I need more money, I might need to do extra nights and double shifts a night. Old men are the worst they are so old and horrible. I need a good job because I have not got a enough money for the place I am renting. I will talk to you soon bye.

Othello †its Appeal Essay -- Othello essays

Othello – its Appeal  Ã‚        Ã‚   Let us examine the William Shakespeare drama Othello for the purpose of determining exactly what characteristics of the play are the outstanding ones which give it such universal appeal.    Othello would appear to have a beauty about it which is hard to match. Helen Gardner in â€Å"Othello: A Tragedy of Beauty and Fortune† touches on this beauty which enables this play to stand above the other tragedies of the Bard:    Among the tragedies of Shakespeare Othello is supreme in one quality: beauty. Much of its poetry, in imagery, perfection of phrase, and steadiness of rhythm, soaring yet firm, enchants the sensuous imagination. This kind of beauty Othello shares with Romeo and Juliet and Antony and Cleopatra; it is a corollary of the theme which it shares with them. But Othello is also remarkable for another kind of beauty. Except for the trivial scene with the clown, all is immediately relevant to the central issue; no scene requires critical justification. The play has a rare intellectual beauty, satisfying the desire of the imagination for order and harmony between the parts and the whole. Finally, the play has intense moral beauty. It makes an immediate appeal to the moral imagination, in its presentation in the figure of Desdemona of a love which does not alter ‘when it alteration finds’, but ‘bears it out even to the edge of doom’. (139)    The ability of the audience to identify with the characters in Othello– this is of primary importance. M.H. Abrams in The Norton Anthology of English Literature attributes the dramatist’s universality to his characters as well as to the relevance of his themes:    One preliminary document in the First Folio is by Shakespeare’s great... ...inceton University Press, 1965.    Gardner, Helen. â€Å"Othello: A Tragedy of Beauty and Fortune.† Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from â€Å"The Noble Moor.† British Academy Lectures, no. 9, 1955.    Heilman, Robert B. â€Å"The Role We Give Shakespeare.† Essays on Shakespeare. Ed. Gerald Chapman. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1965.    Levin, Harry. General Introduction. The Riverside Shakespeare. Ed. G. Blakemore Evans. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1974.    Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.    Wilkie, Brian and James Hurt. â€Å"Shakespeare.† Literature of the Western World. Ed. Brian Wilkie and James Hurt. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1992.

New Paradigms in the Study of the Civil War Essay

A civil war is a war between organized groups within the same nation state or republic, or, less commonly, between two countries created from a formerly united nation state. The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region, to achieve independence for a region, or to change government policies. Civil wars since the end of World War II have lasted on average just over four years, a dramatic rise from the one-and-a-half year average of the 1900-1944 period. While the rate of emergence of new civil wars has been relatively steady since the mid-19th century, the increasing length of those wars resulted in increasing numbers of wars ongoing at any one time. For example, there were no more than five civil wars underway simultaneously in the first half of the 20th century, while over 20 concurrent civil wars were occurring at the end of the Cold War, before a significant decrease as conflicts strongly associated with the superpower rivalry came to an end. Since 1945, civil wars have resulted in the deaths of over 25 million people, as well as the forced displacement of millions more. Civil wars have further resulted in economic collapse; Somalia, Burma, Uganda and Angola are examples of nations that were considered to have promising futures before being engulfed in civil wars. Formal classification James Fearon, a scholar of civil wars at Stanford University, defines a civil war as â€Å"a violent conflict within a country fought by organized groups that aim to take power at the center or in a region, or to change government policies†. The Correlates of War, a dataset widely used by scholars of conflict, classifies civil wars as having over 1000 war-related casualties per year of conflict. This rate is a small fraction of the millions killed in the Second Sudanese Civil War and Cambodian Civil War, for example, but excludes several highly publicized conflicts, such as The Troubles of Northern Ireland and the struggle of the African National Congress in Apartheid-era South Africa. That the Party in revolt against the de jure Government possesses an organized military force, an authority responsible for its acts, acting within a determinate territory and having the means of respecting and ensuring respect for the Convention. That the legal Government is obliged to have recourse to the regular military forces against insurgents organized as military and in possession of a part of the national territory. That the de jure Government has recognized the insurgents as belligerents; or That it has claimed for itself the rights of a belligerent; or That it has accorded the insurgents recognition as belligerents for the purposes only of the present Convention; or That the dispute has been admitted to the agenda of the Security Council or the General Assembly of the United Nations as being a threat to international peace, a breach of the peace, or an act of aggression. That the insurgents have an organization purporting to have the characteristics of a State. That the insurgent civil authority exercises de facto authority over the population within a determinate portion of the national territory. That the armed forces act under the direction of an organized authority and are prepared to observe the ordinary laws of war. That the insurgent civil authority agrees to be bound by the provisions of the Convention. Causes of civil war in the Collier-Hoeffler Model Scholars investigating the cause of civil war are attracted by two opposing theories, greed versus grievance. Roughly stated: are conflicts caused by who people are, whether that be defined in terms of ethnicity, religion or other social affiliation, or do conflicts begin because it is in the economic best interests of individuals and groups to start them? Scholarly analysis supports the conclusion that economic and structural factors are more important than those of identity in predicting occurrences of civil war. A comprehensive studies of civil war was carried out by a team from the World Bank in the early 21st century. The study framework, which came to be called the Collier-Hoeffler Model, examined 78 five-year increments when civil war occurred from 1960 to 1999, as well as 1,167 five-year increments of â€Å"no civil war† for comparison, and subjected the data set to regression analysis to see the effect of various factors. The factors that were shown to have a statistically significant effect on the chance that a civil war would occur in any given five-year period were: Availability of finance A high proportion of primary commodities in national exports significantly increases the risk of a conflict. A country at â€Å"peak danger†, with commodities comprising 32% of gross domestic product, has a 22% risk of falling into civil war in a given five-year period, while a country with no primary commodity exports has a 1% risk. When disaggregated, only petroleum and non-petroleum groupings showed different results: a country with relatively low levels of dependence on petroleum exports is at slightly less risk, while a high-level of dependence on oil as an export results in slightly more risk of a civil war than national dependence on another primary commodity. The authors of the study interpreted this as being the result of the ease by which primary commodities may be extorted or captured compared to other forms of wealth, for example, it is easy to capture and control the output of a gold mine or oil field compared to a sector of garment manufacturing or hospitality services. A second source of finance is national diasporas, which can fund rebellions and insurgencies from abroad. The study found that statistically switching the size of a country’s diaspora from the smallest found in the study to the largest resulted in a sixfold increase in the chance of a civil war. Low per capita income has been proposed as a cause for grievance, prompting armed rebellion. However, for this to be true, one would expect economic inequality to also be a significant factor in rebellions, which it is not. The study therefore concluded that the economic model of opportunity cost better explained the findings. Population size The various factors contributing to the risk of civil war rise increase with population size. The risk of a civil war rises approximately proportionately with the size of a country’s population. Gleditsch et al. did not find a relationship between ethnic groups with polygyny and increased frequency of civil wars but nations having legal polygamy may have more civil wars. They argued that misogyny is a better explanation than polygyny. They found that increased women’s rights were are associated with less civil wars and that legal polygamy had no effect after women’s rights were controlled for. Duration of civil wars Ann Hironaka, author of Neverending Wars, divides the modern history of civil wars into the pre-19th century, 19th century to early 20th century, and late 20th century. In 19th-century Europe, the length of civil wars fell significantly, largely due to the nature of the conflicts as battles for the power center of the state, the strength of centralized governments, and the normally quick and decisive intervention by other states to support the government. Following World War II the duration of civil wars grew past the norm of the pre-19th century, largely due to weakness of the many postcolonial states and the intervention by major powers on both sides of conflict. The most obvious commonality to civil wars are that they occur in fragile states. Civil wars in the 19th and early 20th centuries Civil wars through the 19th century to early 20th century tended to be short; the average length of a civil war between 1900 and 1944 was one and half years. The state itself was the obvious center of authority in the majority of cases, and the civil wars were thus fought for control of the state. This meant that whoever had control of the capital and the military could normally crush resistance. If a rebellion failed to quickly seize the capital and control of the military for itself, it was normally doomed to a quick destruction. For example, the fighting associated with the 1871 Paris Commune occurred almost entirely in Paris, and ended quickly once the military sided with the government. The power of non-state actors resulted in a lower value placed on sovereignty in the 18th and 19th centuries, which further reduced the number of civil wars. For example, the pirates of the Barbary Coast were recognized as de facto states because of their military power. The Barbary pirates thus had no need to rebel against the Ottoman Empire, who were their nominal state government, to gain recognition for their sovereignty. Conversely, states such as Virginia and Massachusetts in the United States of America did not have sovereign status, but had significant political and economic independence coupled with weak federal control, reducing the incentive to secede. The two major global ideologies, monarchism and democracy, led to several civil wars. However, a bi-polar world, divided between the two ideologies, did not develop, largely due the dominance of monarchists through most of the period. The monarchists would thus normally intervene in other countries to stop democratic movements taking control and forming democratic governments, which were seen by monarchists as being both dangerous and unpredictable. The Great Powers, defined in the 1815 Congress of Vienna as the United Kingdom, Habsburg Austria, Prussia, France, and Russia, would frequently coordinate interventions in other nations’ civil wars, nearly always on the side of the incumbent government. Given the military strength of the Great Powers, these interventions were nearly always decisive and quickly ended the civil wars. There were several exceptions from the general rule of quick civil wars during this period. The American Civil War was unusual for at least two reasons: it was fought around regional identities, rather than political ideologies, and it was ended through a war of attrition, rather than over a decisive battle over control of the capital, as was the norm. The Spanish Civil War was exceptional because both sides of the war received support from intervening great powers: Germany, Italy, and Portugal supported opposition leader Francisco Franco, while France and the Soviet Union supported the government . Civil wars since 1945 In the 1990s, about twenty civil wars were occurring concurrently during an average year, a rate about ten times the historical average since the 19th century. However, the rate of new civil wars had not increased appreciably; the drastic rise in the number of ongoing wars after World War II was a result of the tripling of the average duration of civil wars to over four years. This increase was a result of the increased number of states, the fragility of states formed after 1945, the decline in interstate war, and the Cold War rivalry. Following World War II, the major European powers divested themselves of their colonies at an increasing rate: the number of ex-colonial states jumped from about 30 to almost 120 after the war. The rate of state formation leveled off in the 1980s, at which point few colonies remained. More states also meant more states in which to have long civil wars. Hironaka statistically measures the impact of the increased number of ex-colonial states as increasing the post-WWII incidence of civil wars by +165% over the pre-1945 number. While the new ex-colonial states appeared to follow the blueprint of the idealized state – centralized government, territory enclosed by defined borders, and citizenry with defined rights -, as well as accessories such as a national flag, an anthem, a seat at the United Nations and an official economic policy, they were in actuality far weaker than the Western states they were modeled after. In Western states, the structure of governments closely matched states’ actual capabilities, which had been arduously developed over centuries. The development of strong administrative structures, in particular those related to extraction of taxes, is closely associated with the intense warfare between predatory European states in the 17th and 18th centuries, or in Charles Tilly’s famous formulation: â €Å"War made the state and the state made war†. For example, the formation of the modern states of Germany and Italy in the 19th century is closely associated with the wars of expansion and consolidation led by Prussia and Sardinia, respectively. Such states are considered â€Å"weak† or â€Å"fragile†. The â€Å"strong†-â€Å"weak† categorization is not the same as â€Å"Western†-â€Å"non-Western†, as some Latin American states like Argentina and Brazil and Middle Eastern states like Egypt and Israel are considered to have â€Å"strong† administrative structures and economic infrastructure. Historically, the international community would have targeted weak states for territorial absorption or colonial domination or, alternatively, such states would fragment into pieces small enough to be effectively administered and secured by a local power. However, international norms towards sovereignty changed in the wake of WWII in ways that support and maintain the existence of weak states. Weak states are given de jure sovereignty equal to that of other states, even when they do not have de facto sovereignty or control of their own territory, including the privileges of international diplomatic recognition and an equal vote in the United Nations. Further, the international community offers development aid to weak states, which helps maintain the facade of a functioning modern state by giving the appearance that the state is capable of fulfilling its implied responsibilities of control and order. The formation of a strong international law regime and norms against territorial aggression is strongly associated with the dramatic drop in the number of interstate wars, though it has also been attributed to the effect of the Cold War or to the changing nature of economic development. Consequently, military aggression that results in territorial annexation became increasingly likely to prompt international condemnation, diplomatic censure, a reduction in international aid or the introduction of economic sanction, or, as in the case of 1990 invasion of Kuwait by Iraq, international military intervention to reverse the territorial aggression. Similarly, the international community has largely refused to recognize secessionist regions, while keeping some secessionist self-declared states such as Taiwan in diplomatic recognition limbo. While there is not a large body of academic work examining the relationship, Hironaka’s statistical study found a correlation that suggests that every major international anti-secessionist declaration increased the number of ongoing civil wars by +10%, or a total +114% from 1945 to 1997. The diplomatic and legal protection given by the international community, as well as economic support to weak governments and discouragement of secession, thus had the unintended effect of encouraging civil wars. There has been an enormous amount of international intervention in civil wars since 1945 that served to extend wars. While intervention has been practiced since the international system has existed, its nature changed substantially. It became common for both the state and opposition group to receive foreign support, allowing wars to continue well past the point when domestic resources had been exhausted. Superpowers, such as the European great powers, had always felt no compunction in intervening in civil wars that affected their interests, while distant regional powers such as the United States could declare the interventionist Monroe Doctrine of 1821 for events in its Central American â€Å"backyard†. However, the large population of weak states after 1945 allowed intervention by former colonial powers, regional powers and neighboring states who themselves often had scarce resources. On average, a civil war with interstate intervention was 300% longer than those without. When disaggregated, a civil war with intervention on only one side is 156% longer, while intervention on both sides lengthens the average civil war by an addition 92%. If one of the intervening states was a superpower, a civil war is extended a further 72%; a conflict such as the Angolan Civil War, in which there is two-sided foreign intervention, including by a superpower, would be 538% longer on average than a civil war without any international intervention. Effect of the Cold War The Cold War provided a global network of material and ideological support that perpetuated civil wars, which were mainly fought in weak ex-colonial states, rather than the relatively strong states that were aligned with the Warsaw Pact and North Atlantic Treaty Organization. In some cases, superpowers would superimpose Cold War ideology onto local conflicts, while in others local actors using Cold War ideology would attract the attention of a superpower to obtain support. Using a separate statistical evaluation than used above for interventions, civil wars that included pro- or anti-communist forces lasted 141% longer than the average non-Cold War conflict, while a Cold War civil war that attracted superpower intervention resulted in wars typically lasting over three times as long as other civil wars. Conversely, the end of the Cold War marked by the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 resulted in a reduction in the duration of Cold War civil wars of 92% or, phrased another way, a roughly ten-fold increase in the rate of resolution of Cold War civil wars. Lengthy Cold War-associated civil conflicts that ground to a halt include the wars of Guatemala, El Salvador and Nicaragua . See also The Logic of Violence in Civil War War of Independence Wars of national liberation References

Benildean community

The researchers, based on their personal and their peers' experiences, chose to address the situation due to the countless transportation hassles encountered by the students of De La Sale – College of Saint Bindle in order to help them maximize productivity in school. Issues such as inadequate parking slots, heavy traffic, and long queues for the e-Jeeps contribute greatly to the student's academic standing (e. G. Tardiness and absences), consequently leading to poor performance and morale.Thus, it is in the best interest of the school to implement enhancements on the existing system in order to uphold the Benefited Core Value of Social Responsibility by being socially aware and having a deep concern for their fellow students and the administration. Through this, the researchers conducted interviews, surveys and extensive ocular observations of the area to be able to present their information to implementing authorities.The researchers, as active citizens of the Benefited comm unity, practiced their observance of the law and took initiative in addressing the problems encountered by the school population in order to mitigate the transportation issues that is currently a hindrance to their punctuality and maximized school productivity. Due to the nature of the researchers being concerned with the overall performance of the school and since they are aware of the effects of to delve into developing this project that will benefit not only Benefited community s a whole, but also the local community surrounding the proximity of the institution.The project is not only aimed to the immediate relief of traffic issues, but is also geared towards the improvement of the condition of major thoroughfares that will provide a safe, secure and hassle-free Journey for the motorists who are Just passing through. Being professionally competent, the researchers extend this project to anyone who finds themselves behind the wheel and are usually encountering the aforementioned p roblems, whether or not a member of the Benefited community.The problem of students regarding the transport systems along the campuses of DOLS-CBS contribute greatly to their academic performance in school. Due to the current inefficiency of the current transport systems, there is an influx in the tardiness and absences in the academic records of the students, causing them to consequently be lazy, disinterested, and no longer focused in their studies. This, in turn, causes a downward spiral in performance in school, with the student frustrated to the inefficiencies of the current transport system that influences their academic records as well.The transport system is currently facing unhealthy problems that do not seem to be properly addressed since there is no action being implemented to mitigate the problem. Considering the fact that a significant portion of the Benefited community (student, faculty and administration) bring their vehicles, the amount of facilities, or lack thereof , directly affects a substantial number; and mostly the students bear the brunt of this disappointing problem. Queues of vehicles line the streets (e. G. He illegal back gate parking located at Leon Counting, or the multi-level parking at SAD which extends up to Sapid Residences) heavily add to the traffic congestion in the area, making it difficult for other vehicles to maneuver their way in traffic. These checkpoints and blockage tend to manifest during rush hour as the amount of cars double in number, making it near impossible for other vehicles to pass through. Given that there are other modes of transportation that are currently available to students, they are not utilized properly.The e-Jeeps, despite having punctual schedule, also contribute to the delay in travel since the units of the vehicle are not efficient enough to cater to the number of queuing passengers, this is further aggravated by traffic and harsh weather conditions. The ratio of passengers to the units of opera tional e-Jeeps defeats its purpose. This ultimately results in the students' frustration who are then forced to employ other means of transportation, or worse, walk, most especially when they are in a hurry to reach their classes on time.Pedicels provide convenience to students who are rushing to their classes in the other Benefited campuses, but are often faced with bargaining woes prior to the ride from PH. O up to PH. O are initially demanded by the pedicel drivers before they provide their services, much to the dismay of the students. This encourages most of the budget-constrained Biennials to brave the elements, rain or shine, Just so they can reach their classes and not miss out on their lessons.Although students may choose to walk Just so they can maintain their budget, their security is also Jeopardized as they become walking prey for unscrupulous individuals/groups who want to make easy money regardless the time of day. Reports of students being robbed or threatened into gi ving their valuables may be unpopular, but it is also a problem that exists and plagues the students. Add the harsh weather as they tread on foot to their designated classes and there is the issue of their health being taken into consideration as well.Traffic, weather disturbances, bulk of passengers and demanding public transport fares challenge the Benefited community, however, there seems to be a low level of concern expressed by respective authorities to ensure the safety and convenience of the Biennials, let alone the community surrounding the school. Students, members of the Benefited administration and faculty face these evident problems every day and often overlook this because of the pressure placed on them to reach their destination and classes on time.This research and proposal hopes to, if not alleviate the issues aforementioned, control the state of the current transportation schemes and aims to improve the Benefited community's day-to-day excursions to accomplish their academic requirements. PROJECT DESCRIPTION Having evaluated the issues concerned with intercalate transportation, and establishing the need for certain enhancements, the researchers deemed it accessory to provide cost-effective suggestions that could possibly expedite the lengthy and faulty process of creating and implementing student-oriented projects.Using state-of-the-art tools and critical thinking, the researchers attempted to come up with feasible solutions geared towards the attainment of its objectives, that is to mitigate the inconveniences created, directly or not, by the transport systems currently available for the Benefited community. Guided by this ultimate goal, the researchers delved deeper into the circumstances related to the cause of the robber, so as not to provide a mere â€Å"band-aid solution†.The issues of undisciplined drivers, deregulated pedicel fares, among others, were uncovered and would have to be addressed with fervor as well in order for this project to attain its success. Initially, the researchers already had first-hand knowledge of the problem as they themselves have encountered the inconveniences stated in this proposal. In addition to that, they have also been in constant interaction with peers and individuals research, contributing to its effectively, should it be promulgated.

gideon vs wainwright essays

gideon vs wainwright essays In June 1961, Clarence Earl Gideon, a fifty-year-old man, with a prior arrest record, was arrested in Panama City, Florida. He was charged with breaking into a pool hall. The things that were stolen were beer, coke, and change from a cigarette machine. Gideon claimed innocence. When his trial began he asked the court for court appointed counsel. He was denied the right because the state law only permits counsel in capital cases and for indigent defendants. The trial continued. Gideon conducted his own defense his effort however, were ineffective. He did the best he could for someone who had no knowledge or experience. He made an opening statement to the jury, cross-examined the State's witnesses, presented witnesses in his own defense, declined to testify himself, and made a short argument "emphasizing his innocence to the charge contained in the information filed in this case." The jury the jury convicted Gideon and sent him to prison for five years. While in prison, Gideon studied law books. Gideon filed petion for Habeas Corpus in the Florida Supreme Court. Gideons petion was denied. Gideon then appealed to the United States Supreme Court in forma pauperis. The Supreme Court selected his case to be considered. In the case, Betts vs. Brady Maryland farm worker Smith Betts asked for the court appointed counsel to his defense. The judge denied his request because the country that has in doesn't appoint poor defendants only in a capital case. Betts was sentenced to eight years in prison, Betts sent an appeal to the Supreme Court, but again the court ruled against Betts. The reason why is because "In the great majority of states, it has been the considered judgment of the people their representative, and their courts that the appointment of counsel is not a trial." (Goodman 64) With that statement in mind, Gideons case was issued with just reason. Twenty-two States, as friends of t ...

Academic integrity

Professional writing involves using clear language to explain themselves to an audience. 2. ) Integrity is important in writing because you should be honest to yourself and other people whom you are writing to. I believe that being in an online class helps you understand what integrity is and helps you be honest to people while you are opening up to them. For example in our discussion questions I feel like being honest is very important because it will keep my conversation going without any lies, it would be very e to be caught lying to someone while we are having a conversation.That is why it is important to have integrity. 3. ) The easiest way to avoid plagiarism is by using your own words. Once someone understands what plagiarism is and the consequences for doing it they will understand it much better. Quotations must be used when the paragraph is about 40 words or 3 sentences long. Like I said in my first sentence using your own words is the best way to avoid plagiarism is to use paraphrase. Paraphrasing means you should put the ideas in a passage into your own words, usually following the order in which the ideas were presented in the original paper.

Ethical Claims of Body Shop Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ethical Claims of Body Shop - Essay Example In this study, it has been discussed that how Body Shop has implied different ethical issues in the organization and how it is focused on long term sustainability. This report also focuses on the issues that can make a clear doubt on the Body Shop’s claim about their ethical business practice. This analysis is discussing the positive issues and also negative issues relating to the Body Shop’s ethical claim. Introduction Ethics is the moral of any individual’s life. The same principle is applied for the organization. Ethics means doing things in the right way, for that someone needs to distinguish between the right and wrong things and then it is important to choose the right things. Following the child labour issues by not involving a child into a work is a kind of ethical behaviour of the organizations. Business ethics aims at imposing the sense of the business responsibility within the company’s employees. ... Now the study will discuss whether the companies will be able to gain any profit? What is the basic objective of the business? The objective for any business is to ensure the profit of the shareholders but the securities of the stakeholders also need to be ensured. The stakeholders are the persons who have directly or indirectly interest in the business. The Stakeholders are the employees, the shareholders, the government, the Media, the NGOs, everyone around the company. For example, if a factory is polluting the society through its wastage it is actually hampering the health of the people staying in the society. Though the organization is not directly related with the society but indirectly it is affecting the society. There the ethics come, what is the way to deal with certain problems, how to reduce the ill effect of the organization to ensure the social and human security. Each organization has its own parameter to fix up the specific code of conduct of the business. It’s always true that only ethical firm can do the corporate social responsibility, corporate responsibility can be done by anyone, it is the contribution and taking more responsibility towards society. But, all the firms doing social responsibility are not ethical always (Randall, 2001, p.56). There is no certain proof that the firm have done all the things in the right way. Discussion In the light of the discussion of â€Å"ethics and corporate social responsibility† the â€Å"Body Shop† ethical journey will be explained. The Body Shop international PLC has 24000 stores all over the world. It is a beauty product Cosmetics Company founded in England in the year of 1976. The founder of Body Shop, Anita Roddick, visited

Statement of purpose 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Statement of purpose 5 - Essay Example This inspired me to get a course in college that would allow me to teach. In addition, I always valued studying a foreign language because I realized how important it is for a person to be globally competent especially at these times where the world is truly becoming smaller by the minute and those who are able to speak and understand several languages are always at an advantage. I graduated English Language and Literature in Arts College at Kuwait University in June, 2010 and have been employed at the Ministry of Education just a few months afterwards. I could say my dreams are coming true. However, when I started teaching, I have discovered that there are still a lot I need to learn. Of course I understand that it has been just a few months since I started working but taking a chance on the opportunities given me is a great factor I have been considering in enrolling to the postgraduate study. Young as I am, my passion to teach young people another language aside from their native tongue does not seem to be enough for me to be taken seriously both by my colleagues and students. This challenged me to equip myself with a good education that would not only put me in a pedestal to be respected but more so, to have the authority that most successful professionals have so that I could efficiently give what I want my students to have. Taking the opportunity of getting help from my parents while I am still young and able, I considered schools the United Kingdom because I am attracted to the beauty of the country. Getting into the internet, I truly appreciate most of the universities but I was exceptionally attracted to the University of Stirling. I have been reading about the testimonies of students who eventually confirmed this is the best university that fits my expectations in postgraduate study. One of the things I have been considering as someone who is aiming for excellence in the services I give to my students and employer is the quality of education. Hellenba ch and Stratikopolous, Stirling students whose testimonies are posted on the university’s internet profile mentioned that the university has a highly qualified teaching staff and with highly competitive academic level. Both are important to me and fill the top positions on my list of priorities in looking for a good school for me to enroll in. In addition, I also read about other students’ testimonies saying the school is a very multi-cultural place and people are used to foreigners, that students are made to feel totally welcome and comfortable regardless of nationality. As a Kuwaiti, these are factors I have been looking into as well because I know how environment could affect my learning process. I would like to learn as much as I can so that I have been looking for schools that would accommodate me as a human being and not just another student to add number to the many students around the world. I have observed that most universities talk about how great their univ ersity is and how welcome the students are but some of those which I have browsed over in the internet only claim to be without backing up their claims with what the students say about their school. For Stirling, I admire their effort of getting words from students because I believe no one can tell about a school better than the students who have experienced how it is to be in a certain school. I then look forward to working with competent professors and various students, sharing our ideas and experiences as we are moulded into the best

Hiring veterans into organizations Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Hiring veterans into organizations - Term Paper Example The measure to hire these people shows their concern and attempt to recognize their contributions, sacrifice, skills and service towards society. Since 1980, the Veterans’ Employment and Training Service (VETS) in the United States Department of Labor (DOL) is trying to raise awareness and concern about the need and value of recruiting veterans. ‘VETS’ has also been trying to launch new initiatives for increasing their engagement and association with employers and organizations with special focus on the private sector. The employment of veterans accounts for one of the priorities for the Secretary of Labor Hilda Solis. The reason why the above topic has been chosen is to bring out the contributions of veterans in organizations and the significance of hiring them. They have been identified as peak performers and are also proven sources of talent. Moreover their immense importance in the organization is based on the fact that they can yield an immediate bottom line benefit as they are established credentialed and because their skills and abilities have been tested and shaped under various opportunities and challenging circumstances (Burnell, â€Å"A Trained, Ready and Proven Source of Talent†). ... Out of its total employee strength, 50 percent of them are military veterans. A major portion of the veterans work overseas with the US forces in Iraq, Afghanistan, which provides insight into the correlation between the skills of the soldiers and the skills required for the attainment of success for the civilian workforce of today. The project highlights on the challenges faced by managers in translating the military skills into the civilian job experiences (Hadley, â€Å"What employers are doing†). The hiring of veterans creates certain hurdles in confronting with the challenges of inducing the internal culture of the organization with that of the new recruits. Moreover it is important that the organization understands the nation’s military services. Veterans are increasingly confronted with the problem of finding jobs in organizations which do not understand their military services. Veterans have to play the crucial role of bridging the gap between the civil recruite rs and their experience through an interview with a single resume. It is important that organizations identify the gaps and make their working environment well suited for the workings of veterans (Hadley, â€Å"What employers are doing†). As presented by the Carlos Echalar, executive Vice President in the human resource department at ManTech International the human resource departments in organizations recruiting veterans feel the need to translate the military skills into civilian service experience as challenging as that of speaking in two different languages. Understanding the responsibilities involved in active duty is ingrained in the organizational culture of ManTech’s. The organization has been associated with numerous defense organizations since

Relationship between Binge Eating and Stress

Relationship between Binge Eating and Stress Binge Eating and Stress: Is it Behavioral or Biological? ABSTRACT Stress is often inevitable in today’s fast paced world. People are struggling with positive coping mechanisms to deal with everyday life stressors. Binge eating (BE) can arise from maladaptive coping mechanisms that can be triggered from stress. Research has been limited in categorizing binge eating as either behavioral or biological due to BE being a recent disorder discovery and its overlap between neural and psychological dependence. This review aims to explain the differences between biological and psychological associations and the correlation stress has in both aspects of BE. Key Words: Binge Eating, Stress, Eating Disorder, Food Addiction, Psychological Dependence INTRODUCTION At some point in their lives, people have experienced some form of stress that lead them to turn to coping mechanisms to overcome the stressor(s). Work, college, family, and the pursuit of happiness can consume an individual to perform at optimum, sometimes unrealistic levels. In today’s world, college students and young professionals report the highest levels of stress compared to older generations. Thirty-nine percent of Millennials say their stress has increased in the last year, compared to 36 percent of Generation Xers, 33 percent of Baby Boomers and 29 percent of Matures (Stress by Genarations, 2012).   The form in which people deal with stress varies from individual but maladaptive forms of coping mechanisms such as Binge eating are becoming more popular among young individuals, particularly women (Fischer, 2017).   Binge Eating (BE) is consuming a very large amount of food within a short period of time with no sense of control over one’s eating, and no purgi ng afterwards (Parakeh).   People who have low self-esteem, anxiety, depression, body image issues, dieting obsessed, compulsive tendencies and academic perfection goals are more likely to develop an eating disorder such as BE (Cain, 2008).   BE so far has been classified as an eating disorder along with Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia (Hardway, 2015), but there are more underlying symptoms that make it difficult to categorize under purely addictive psychological dependence or if it’s a neural response to stress. Psychological conditions such as depression, anxiety and low-self-esteem can manifest themselves when triggered by a situation or stressor that would make the individual turn to BE for relief or avoidance (Shelton, 2010). According to the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), which is a measure to identify individuals show signs related to substance dependence with the consumption of high fat/high sugar food such as food addiction (YFAS) individuals whose symptoms fit u nder YFAS have a strong correlation to food addiction. The YFAS proposes that the characteristics of binge eating goes hand in hand with what currently qualifies as substance dependence. Also, scores on the YFAS predicted binge eating behavior and emotional eating in a study of obese women who were dieting (Parylak, 2011). Alternatively, studies have been conducted that have found when stress levels are high, individuals are more likely to gravitate towards high-fat, high-sugar palatable foods in excess versus times of little to no stress. Neuronal activity monitored by a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) showed activation of various limbic system areas such as, the right amygdala (emotions, motivation), Cingulate cortex (emotion formation, memory), Hippocampus (regulates emotions), and Putamen (movement of limbs) (Figure 1, 2 and 3) (Born, 2010). Stress response initiates itself in the hypothalamus pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic-adrenomedullary (SAM) sy stem (Adam, 2007). The overlapping and differential aspects of stress induced BE in the biological or psychological aspect have not yet been reviewed and the purpose of this review is to compare both sides, using research already done in both areas to determine how stress-induced BE should be categorized. Stress and Categories The Neuronal Approach Studies have been done to research the effects of stress on the brain mostly on animals like mice. The studies have revealed that in rats, stress can lead to choosing of lards and sugars over other foods (Adam, 2007). A study done relating animal and human literature took focus on the neuroendocrine mediators, insulin and cortisol and reviewed the neural circuitry of the reward system that is linked with food (Adam, 2007). Animal models resulted in glucocorticoids allowing for more pleasurable food intake and the consumption of drugs. A tail pinch in rats is considered a stressor and when the tail is pinched the rat would eat more caloric dense food. After a 24 hour rest period the rat would not eat to compensate for the calories taken in. However, if the tail pinching was consistent, the rat would eat more and still ate during the rest period. This can equate into human terms, as how constant severe stressors, for example college finals happening at the same time four research papers are due, and fast food available virtually everywhere can lead a very stressed person into a consumption frenzy of unlimited caloric dense food (Adam, 2007). The activation of the HPA axis as well as other transmitters accounts for the release of endogenous opioids which affect the body by trying to relax it when it’s in a heightened state. When the opioids are released (as response to a stressor) they contribute to the consumption of high-fat/high-sugar foods, and likewise these palatable foods sustain the release of the opioids. Therefore, if food is concluded to shut down stress pathways as before mentioned, (deactivating the HPA axis), so there’s not a continuous influx of stressful signal transduction (such as adrenaline release), and food is a coping mechanism of choice, then neurologically a stressed-out person is wired to seek out fatty foods to compensate for the amounts of stress triggering reactions in their body (Adam, 2007). In another research study, human subjects were tested under stressful and non-stressful conditions (a solvable math test and an unsolvable math test), given two fMRI’s and five blood tests. The test subjects were then asked to choose what kind of food appealed to them more after the test and a meal was also given before of their choosing. The results indicated that under stress food intake was larger than non-stressed. Subjects would have higher energy intake, protein intake and carbohydrate intake compared with the non-stressed subjects, as foods that were more palatable were chosen (higher in sugar, fat, salt, and more textured) (Born, 2010). These results correlate with other studies mentioned in this research, that also stated that stressed subjects have higher energy intakes therefore they tend to eat more nutrient dense foods compared to those who are not stressed. The areas of the brain that were stimulated were those that are linked to the reward system. The reward system is a dependence system is the brain that is activated by pleasurable foods, and drugs that leave the feeling of one wanting more. Constant stimulation of the reward system leads to desensitization which will increase the craving for palatable foods and have neurobiological adaptions to stimulate eating when not hungry. (Adam, 2007). The fMRI scans show regions of the limbic system that were activated when stressed given the choice to choose foods that were appealing (Figures 1,2 and 3) (Born, 2010). Brain reward in eating in the absence of hunger Figure 1. Sagittal (a), coronal (b) and transversal (c) sections, showing the GLM contrast of choosing something versus choosing nothing. Significant activation is visible in the left frontal cortex ( 21, 58, 13; Po0.05 FDR corrected). (Photo taken from Born, 2010). Figure 2. Two sagittal (a, b) sections at different planes and a transversal (c) section with the GLM contrast of choosing breakfast versus choosing a meal postprandially. There is a clear activation in the orbitofrontal cortex (3, 48, 1), frontal cortex (13, 61, 20 and 12, 63, 21) and putamen (18, 5, 5; Po0.05 FDR corrected). (Photo taken from Born 2010). Figure 3. Sagittal (a), coronal (b) and transversal (c) sections, showing the GLM contrast rest condition versus stress condition. Significant activation in present in the putamen (22, 4, 3 and 23, 11, 4) and the orbitofrontal cortex ( 8, 28, 6, Po0.05 FDR corrected). (Photo taken from Born, 2010). A sleep study was conducted identifying lack of sleep as a stressor. This is a common stressor of many college students for example that are loaded with excessive workloads, and young professionals who must meet the demands of their job fields. Subjects spent six days in bed for 9 hours or 4 hours and were submitted to MRI scanning on the sixth day and shown images of high and low calorie foods as well as nonfood items. The results showed overall neuronal activity was greater after restricted sleep than habitual sleep in response to food images. There was also more brain activity in areas of the brain associated with the reward pathways (Orbital frontal Cortex, insula, and regions of the basal ganglia). The brain regions in which activity was detected are related to motivation and desire so individuals who are not getting enough sleep are more prone to binge eating (St. Onge, 2012). Similarly, research has been conducted on nocturnal eating in response to stress and it was found that nocturnal eaters were more likely to binge eat than their counterparts. The stressors in this study were mostly psychological (self-esteem issues, body shaming, depression etc.) but as mentioned before if there is a lack of sleep it will trigger neuronal activity to seek out palatable food, and sometimes it is uncontrolled, leading to binge eating (Striegel-Moore, 2010).   Another study conducted previously tested subjects in a similar manner and found that those subjects with Night Eating Syndrome (NES) were also associated with binge eating (Colles, 2007). Obesity was concurrent with NES and most subjects that have NES were male according to Colles. The Psychological Approach Binge Eating is generally more closely associated with psychological factors such as depression, low self-esteem, poor body image perception, academic insufficiency, and weight-loss goals (Han, 2017). These factors are also closely associated to food addiction. Food addiction is defined just as substance addiction per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) (Parakeh). The interlacing of terms between food addiction and binge eating has to do with the psychological factors both terms have in common. BE is characterized by behavioral and psychological symptoms such as the frequency of binge episodes, the amount of food consumed, and their occurrence in the absence of hunger. BE is also usually followed by guilt and feelings of disgust, shame, or depression, whereas FA is strictly more of a lack of self-control driven by an impulse for gratification or escape.   Both have a loss of control and impulsivity driving the conditions however, food addiction does not equate into binge eating (Davis, 2016). Research has been conducted to explore these psychological factors and a study was done comparing BE and FA statistically. The results indicated that subjects who fall under similar factors in both BE and FA are more likely to experience more frequent binge eating episodes, stronger cravings for food, and elevated levels of impulsivity and depressive symptoms than those with only BED (Burrows, 2017). Therefore, there is a difference between the two terms, however when used in combination, the effects on an individual can be more severe in contrast if they were suffering from just BE or FA alone. Stress can intensify the effects of BE and FA, as studies have shown the closer the behavior between FA and BE then the more likely there will be underlying implicated stress and anxious and depressive mood (Parylak, 2011). In a Chinese study the effects of stress and its causation to binge eating was studied in adolescent girls whose main stressor was academic perfection. Results showed that adolescents with greater life event stress, earlier maladaptive schemas and higher levels of impulsivity displayed more severe binge eating (Zhu, 2015). Therefore, adolescents who never learned positive coping mechanisms and were exposed to strong life stressors, were more likely to engage in binge eating. This is potentially dangerous among Millennial populations since it is possible they may have not learned positive coping mechanisms in adolescence and now many are in college where the pressure to excel academically is high. Healthy individuals who may not fit criteria for BE or FA can fall into either category depending on the level of stress associated in their lives, and how vulnerable they may be to psychological stressors (Hardaway, 2015). CONCLUSION Categorizing Binge Eating into either behavioral or biological categories is difficult because as research has shown components from both domains often interlace with one another. As discussed in this review many psychological stressors can give rise to neuronal activity that will biologically start a maladaptive cycle if the person is not equipped to handle the overwhelming stress. Unfortunately, diagnosis of BE is done incorrectly because patients are not always asked the appropriate questions regarding their eating habits. Diagnosis should take into consideration dopamine, opioid, acetylcholine, and serotonin neuro-circuitry that are associated within the brain reward regions, along with the psychological stressors (depression, self-esteem etc) that could be troubling the patient (Fornaro, 2016). Experimental drugs should as Lisdexamfetamine, have been tested among patients with mild BE and were found to reduce occurrence of BE episodes compared to the placebo. Future trials concerning safety and long term effects of the drug are needed to deem the drug fit for clinical treatment of BE (Fornaro, 2016). Currently self-help techniques including monitoring mood, stress, and eating behavior are preferred to the pharmaceutical approach, however self-help in patients with BE is not effective as compared to those without reported BE (Wolff, 2000).    Future work could incorporate neuropsychology as to understand the processes of signal transduction that can lead to behavioral problems. The infusion of psychology and biology is crucial in trying to understand and ultimately treat binge eating caused by stress. As of now such research and studies are scarce combining both components in association with BE. This review aimed to clarify the distinction between psychological and neuronal categorization of stress induced binge eating. As mentioned through this review, it is inaccurate to try and place BE into one category, as both categories are often present in individuals suffering from BE. The greater the awareness of this subject, the more equipped work places, colleges, and individuals can be to recognize potential stressors and the effects they have on those who are vulnerable to psychological conditions. Works Cited Adam, Tanja  C., and Elissa  S. Epel. Stress, eating and the reward system.  Physiology & Behavior, vol.  91, no.  4,  2007, pp.  449-458.   Born, J.  M., et al. Acute stress and food-related reward activation in the brain during food choice during eating in the absence of hunger.  International Journal of Obesity, vol.  34, no.  1,  2009, pp.  172-181.   Burrows, Tracy, et al. Food Addiction, Binge Eating Disorder, and Obesity: Is There a Relationship?  Behavioral Sciences, vol.  7, no.  3,  2017, p.  54.   Cain, Angela  S., et al. Refining the relationships of perfectionism, self-efficacy, and stress to dieting and binge eating: Examining the appearance, interpersonal, and academic domains.  International Journal of Eating Disorders, vol.  41, no.  8,  2008, pp.  713-721.   Colles, S.  L., et al. Night eating syndrome and nocturnal snacking: association with obesity, binge eating and psychological distress.  International Journal of Obesity, vol.  31, no.  11,  2007, pp.  1722-1730.   Davis, Caroline. A commentary on the associations among ‘food addiction’, binge eating disorder, and obesity: Overlapping conditions with idiosyncratic clinical features.  Appetite, vol.  115,  2017, pp.  3-8.   Fischer, Sarah, et al. Impact of the neural correlates of stress and cue reactivity on stress related binge eating in the natural environment.  Journal of Psychiatric Research, vol.  92,  2017, pp.  15-23.   Fornaro, Michele, et al. Lisdexamfetamine in the treatment of moderate-to-severe binge eating disorder in adults: systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis of publicly available placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials.  Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, vol.  Volume 12,  2016, pp.  1827-1836.   Han, Suejung, and Soonhee Lee. College Student Binge Eating: Attachment, Psychological Needs Satisfaction, and Emotion Regulation.  Journal of College Student Development, vol.  58, no.  7,  2017, pp.  1074-1086.   Hardaway, J.  A., et al. Integrated circuits and molecular components for stress and feeding: implications for eating disorders.  Genes, Brain and Behavior, vol.  14, no.  1,  2015, pp.  85-97.   Harrington, Ellen  F., et al. The relationships among trauma, stress, ethnicity, and binge eating.  Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, vol.  12, no.  2,  2006, pp.  212-229.  Ã‚   Parekh, Ranna. What Are Eating Disorders?  Home │ Psychiatry.org, www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/eating-disorders/what-are-eating-disorders. Parylak, Sarah  L., et al. The dark side of food addiction.  Physiology & Behavior, vol.  104, no.  1,  2011, pp.  149-156.   Pendleton, Victor  R., et al. Negative Stress and the Outcome of Treatment for Binge Eating.  Eating Disorders, vol.  9, no.  4,  2001, pp.  351-360.   Shelton, Virginia  L., and Karena  T. Valkyrie. College Student Stress: A Predictor of Eating Disorder Precursor Behaviors.  Alabama Counseling Association Journal, vol.  35, no.  2,  Mar.  2010,  ebscohost.   St-Onge, M.-P., et al. Sleep restriction leads to increased activation of brain regions sensitive to food stimuli.  American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol.  95, no.  4,  2012, pp.  818-824.   Stress by Generations: 2012.  Http://www.apa.org, www.apa.org/news/press/releases/stress/2012/generations.aspx. Striegel-Moore, Ruth  H., et al. Nocturnal eating: Association with binge eating, obesity, and psychological distress.  International Journal of Eating Disorders, vol.  43, no.  6,  2010, pp.  520-526.   Wolff, Gretchen  E., et al. Differences in daily stress, mood, coping, and eating behavior in binge eating and nonbinge eating college women.  Addictive Behaviors, vol.  25, no.  2,  2000, pp.  205-216.   Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS),   Zhu, Hong, et al. Life Event Stress and Binge Eating Among Adolescents: The Roles of Early Maladaptive Schemas and Impulsivity.  Stress and Health, vol.  32, no.  4,  2015, pp.  395-401.