To Kill A Mockingbird Essays (1070 words) - To Kill A Mockingbird

To Kill a Mockingbird To Kill a Mockingbird is definitely an excellent novel in that it portrays life and the role of racism in the 1930's. A reader may not interpret several aspects in and of the book through just the plain text. Boo Radley, Atticus, and the title represent three such things. Not really disclosed to the reader until the end of the book, Arthur "Boo" Radley plays an important role in the development of both Scout and Jem. In the beginning of the story, Jem, Scout, and Dill fabricate horror stories about Boo. They find Boo as a character of their amusement, and one who has no feelings whatsoever. They tried to get a peep at him, just to see what Boo looked like. Scout connects Boo with the Mockingbird. Mrs. Maudie defines a mockingbird as one who "?don't do one thing but make music for us to enjoy. They don't eat up people's gardens, don't nest in corncribs, they don't do one thing but sing their hearts out for us" (94). Boo is exactly that. Boo is the person who put a blanket around Scout and Jem when it was cold. Boo was the one putting "gifts" in the tree. Boo even sewed up Jem's pants that tore on Dill's last night. Boo was the one who saved their lives. On the contrary to Scout's primary belief, Boo never harms anyone. Scout also realizes that she wrongfully treated Boo when she thinks about the gifts in the tree. She never gave anything back to Boo, except love at the end. When Scout escorts Arthur home and stands on his front porch, she sees the same street she saw, just from an entirely different perspective. Scout learns what a Mockingbird is, and who represents one. Arthur Radley not only plays an important role in developing Scout and Jem, but helps in developing the novel. Boo can be divided into three stages. Primitively, Boo is Scout's worst nightmare. However, the author hints at Boo actually existing as a nice person when he places things in the tree. The secondary stage is when Mrs. Maudie's house burned to the ground. As Scout and Jem were standing near Boo's house, it must have been rather cold. So, Boo places a warm and snug blanket around Scout and Jem, to keep them warm. This scene shows Boo's more sensitive and caring side of him, and shows that he really has changed after stabbing his father. The last and definitely most important stage is when he kills Bob Ewell to save Scout and Jem. This stage portrays Boo as the hero and one who has indefinitely changed his personality and attitudes. After the final stage, Boo does not deserve to be locked up inside his house. Atticus Finch is a man of strong morals. He follows them exclusively, and does not hold up to the Finch family name, as defined by Aunt Alexandria. Atticus is the most pure and good-hearted person one may ever `see.` Although it does not seem like it, Scout will evolve into her father; Jem will not. Scout finally understand all the things he says. For example, in the beginning Atticus tells Scout, "You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view?until you climb into his skin and walk around in it" (34). She then realizes that Mrs. Caroline did not know Maycomb, and could not just learn it in one day. Scout comes to terms that it was wrong to become upset with Mrs. Caroline. Scout learns several other lessons. For example, on page 94, Atticus says his most important line in the book, "?remember it's a sin to kill a mockingbird." Through clarifications from Mrs. Maudie, Scout accepts her father's words. Atticus also teaches his kids a lesson when he defends Tom Robinson, an innocent black person. Although Atticus knew from the instant he accepted the case that Tom had no chance, he had to do his duty as an honest and impartial citizen of Maycomb. Atticus poured his heart into defending Atticus, and did a damn fine job. He taught his kids the right thing, that all individuals are created equal.

Boundaries Issues Essays - Interpersonal Relationships, Free Essays

Boundaries Issues Essays - Interpersonal Relationships, Free Essays Boundaries Issues Will Darden, Susan Scott, Sarah Pherigo, Joan Lesley Laura Rubio BSHS/335 April 6, 2015 Stephanie Chupein Boundaries Issues A caseworker and client should have boundaries. And these boundaries can be crossed by them in different situations. The relationship is not only about counseling, the boundary can occur when the professionals assume two or more roles at the same time with the client. This may involve the counselor assuming more than one professional role (such as instructor and therapists) or blending a professional and a nonprofessional relationship (such as counselor and friend or counselor and business partner (Corey, G., Corey, Schneider, M., Callanan, P. (2011). There are positives and negatives to every situation. Dual relationships are one of these situations that could have a good or bad outcome. It would depend on the people involved and their values and beliefs. Some examples of this would be if you were to have a sexual relationship with a client or even a former client. Also if you were to become close with a client outside of a professional relationship, for example if you were calling the client and going out to the movies with them. When working in the human service profession you must understand the importance of setting boundaries. One of the most important aspects that a counselor should instill into their work ethics is to build a strong, healthy line of communication and trust in themselves and with their clients. This line of trust will determine if you will have a good working relationship with your client, and that will also determine if the sessions will succeed or will have to be terminated. The professional must understand that mixing a personal and professional relationship with the client could end up in a negative outcome. The purpose of the Code of Ethics is to provide professionals, clients, and others involved with guidelines for making ethical choices in their work. There are ways that a professional can protect themselves in these situations, which would be if they feel that they are getting to close to a client they should talk to someone about it, and ask what steps should be taken to help distance yourself from the client. As a professional we must set boundaries for ourselves, that way we can safeguard ourselves from something like this happening to us.

Chinas Dynasties Circa 2100 BCE - 1911 CE

Chinas Dynasties Circa 2100 BCE - 1911 CE The history of China stretches back into the mists of time. For centuries, scholars from China and abroad believed that the ancient dynasties - those prior to the Qin - were simply mythical. However, the discovery in 1899 of oracle bones from the Shang Dynasty dating back to c. 1500 BCE proved that this dynasty actually existed. The bones provided impressive amounts of information about the Shang royal family, religious beliefs and other aspects of life more than 3,500 years ago. Firm evidence for the Xia Dynasty has yet to be found... but do not bet against it! 3 Sovereigns and 5 Emperors Period (c. 2850 - c. 2200 BCE) Xia Dynasty (c. 2100 - c. 1600 BCE) Shang Dynasty (c. 1700 - 1046 BCE) Zhou Dynasty (c. 1066 - 256 BCE) Qin Dynasty (221 - 206 BCE) Han Dynasty (202 BCE - 220 CE) Three Kingdoms Period (220 - 280 CE) Jin Dynasty (265 - 420) 16 Kingdoms Period (304 - 439) Southern and Northern Dynasties (420 - 589) Sui Dynasty (581 - 618) Tang Dynasty (618 - 907) Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period (907 - 960) Song Dynasty (906 - 1279) Liao Dynasty (907 - 1125) Western Xia Dynasty (1038 - 1227) Jin Dynasty (1115 - 1234) Yuan Dynasty (1271 - 1368) Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644) Qing Dynasty (1644 - 1911)

Effect of Ocean acidification upon ability to genetically adapt in Essay - 3

Effect of Ocean acidification upon ability to genetically adapt in Nereis species - Essay Example As such the project will examine how environmental stress manifest itself upon regulation of reproduction, and ultimately, reproductive success. To study the adaptive capacity and resilience in worms, the project will evaluate variations, which are observed in worms that are moved between various pH conditions. This evaluation can also serve as a measure for biomarkers that indicate effects of such pH stress. Studies of specimens that stem from volcanic vents, where release of carbon dioxide occurs, provide an opportunity to learn about the natural ecosystems (Fabry, et al., 2008) that have a low pH. It also provides a potential model to study the likelihood of species acclimatising and living in low pH habitats. The study should reveal more about the mechanisms that allow these worms to survive in these harsh environments. The main aim of this project is to evaluate the molecular and biochemical basis of pH acclimatisation, and the role of environmental factors such as temperature and carbon dioxide levels, which define the vent environment. Ocean acidification involves lowering the pH of ocean water, resulting from an increase in the uptake of CO2. Oceanic CO2 levels have increased over the past centuries, and they continue to rise at higher rates than ever. This has the effect of reducing the natural buffering capacity of the ocean, as well as lowering the pH of the water (Fabry, et al., 2008). Existing in natural CO2 vents, P. dumerilii has exhibited its ability to survive in such extremely low pH levels (Davidson, 2013), as compared to related Nereid species such as Nereis succinea, Nereis diversicolor and Nereis zonata. These pH levels range from 6.6-7.3 in the CO2 vents that exist in Ischia (Calosi, et al., 2013) and P. dumerilii is known to thrive in these vents whilst N. zonata co-occurs in the Ischia area but is not known to inhabit the low pH vents (VodÄÆ', 2015).

Accounting in Society Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Accounting in Society - Case Study Example There comes the question of consideration whether the presence of the accounting standards is a good or bad thing. There have been several arguments, in though of Baxter, regarding the presence of the accounting standards because there can be commands as well as regulations which help to run life more smoothly while there is the requirement of flexibility in dealing with certain aspects. It should be considered about the benefits that prevail through the presence of the accounting standards because the standards lay emphasis on what should be done rather than why and how it should be done. Therefore, it is quite important to consider whether having the accounting standards is good or bad because at one side they may make life easy by providing a set of rules and on the other hand it may create life difficult by taking away the flexibility of an accountant. The history of the accounting standards began in the late 1930’s when the idea of accounting based on the standard came to light. United States and the United Kingdom were among the countries which were thoroughly involved in the development of the accounting standards at the start and gave the accounting standards some initial touches. The history of both the countries which brought us the accounting standards today is outlined below with their levels of development in both the United States and United Kingdom. The US based standards took a series of stages to develop and come into a shape. In the beginning, the process was initiated by the committee on accounting procedures in 1939 who issued Accounting research bulletins. The committee worked for around 20 years and issued 50 Accounting Research Bulletins. There was a lot of criticism on that committee and their work because they were accused of not relying on the research that much. Therefore, in its place an Accounting Principles Board came in

Comparison between SOAP and REST

Comparison between SOAP and REST Dickriven Chellemboyee Table of Contents (Jump to) Abstract Introduction to Software Architecture Service-Oriented Architecture Resource-Oriented Architecture Web service SOAP REST RESTful Features SOAP WS-* REST Description Language WSDL WADL Message Format XML JavaScript Object Notation Pros and Cons Pros of SOAP over REST Cons of SOAP over REST Statistics Real Life Scenario Conclusion References List of Figures Figure 1: Basic web service Figure 2: Comparison of web services usage in 2006 and in 2011 Figure 3: Web service with JSON support Figure 4: New web service with JSON support only Figure 5: Web service with XML support Abstract The main aim of this document is to describe the two common software architectures mostly used in distributed system namely Service-Oriented Architecture and Resource-Oriented Architecture. The document provides a high-level descriptions of the two software architectures and implementation of those software architectures in the form of web services. Web services allow interaction between applications. Web services are compared and contrasted. The document describes and compares the differences between two types of web services namely SOAP-based web service and REST-based web services. Introduction to Software Architecture Service-Oriented Architecture Service-Oriented Architecture is a concept aims to improve flexibility by organizing and utilizing nodes of a network [1]. SOA enables the realization of business functionalities by allowing interactions between service providers and service consumers [2]. SOA turn application functions into services which can be consume by other applications over a network. A service describes the business function, self-contained and developed independently. It is defined by a verb, for example: validate user [3]. Services are simply a collection of service with independent methods. Resource-Oriented Architecture Resource-oriented architecture is based on the concept of resource. It involves retrieving particular resource instance and it has operations for resource lifecycle management that is to create, read, update and delete resource. Requests are stateless, one request has no connection with the next one. Resources are identified by some address and data included within the request [4]. Web service A web service is a node of a network accessible interface to application functionalities that is a set of specifications to support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction [2] [5]. The protocol and the format that are used for specific services are defined in those specifications. Figure 1 shows a basic web service where communication is done between two machines with different operation systems (Windows and Linux) and built with different programming language (Perl and Java). Figure 1: Basic web service SOAP SOAP originally Simple Object Access Protocol, is a set of rules for transferring organised information by the use of web services. SOAP uses XML based for transferring of information in a distributed computing style. SOAP is independent of transport protocol that is it can use any transport protocol for example HTTP, FTP, TCP, UDP, etc. [6]. SOAP has been developed by Microsoft to replace older technologies like CORBA and DCOM SOAP has an RPC architecture, all web service are message-oriented as HTTP itself is message-oriented, SOAP uses a second envelope inside the HTTP one, that contains XML data which is a description of a RPC call similarly as XML-RPC. This is how SOAP is used to call a remote function or what the return value from a function. Soap message contains data, the action to perform, the headers and the error details in the case of failure [6]. It uses interfaces and named operations to expose the business logic. It makes use of WSDL to describe the services for client to use and UUDI to advertise their existence [6]. REST Representational State Transfer is a set of software architectural style for distributed computing system like the World Wide Web. REST is not a protocol. The REST term originated by Roy Fielding in his doctoral dissertation. Roy Fielding is one of the main author of the HTTP protocol specification. The REST term has quickly come in practise in the network community [7]. REST tries to fix the problems with SOAP and provides a truly method of using web services [8]. REST do not require to add another messaging layer to make the transfer to message as oppose to SOAP, REST transfer its message in the HTTP request. It concretes on design rules for making stateless services. Request and response are built by the transfer of representational of resources. A resource can be essentially the data (object) that may be addressed [6]. Rest recognizes everything as a resource (e.g. User). Each resource has a standard uniform interface, usually an HTTP interface, resources have a name and addresses (URIs). Each resource serves a unique resource since each URL are unique. The different types of operations that can be performed on the resource are done by the different HTTP operations also known as HTTP verbs which are GET, PUT, POST and DELETE. Each resource has one or more representation (JSON, XML, CSV, text, etc.) and the resource representations are transferred across the network [6]. REST allows the creation of ROA but it can be used for both ROA and SOA [3]. RESTful A RESTful web service is the implementation of REST principles. HTTP Methods GET getUser – retrieve user information DELETE deleteUser – delete user PUT createUser– create user HEAD – getInformation – get meta information POST – updateUser – modify user information Features SOAP Independent of transport protocol (http, ftp, tcp, udp , or named pipes) [6] It can perform asynchronous processing and invocation (e.g. JAX-WS) It caters for complex operations which require conversional state and contextual information to be maintained. WS-* SOAP has a different set of XML â€Å"stickers† for its SOAP envelope to provide enhance features to transport its message. These specifications are analogous to HTTP headers. Some of these specifications are described below: WS-Security Enterprise security features are provided by the WS-Security standards. It supports identity through intermediaries, also provides the implementation of data integrity and data privacy [9]. WS-ReliableMessaging Provides reliable messaging that is a successful/retry process built in and provides reliability through soap intermediaries [6]. REST don’t have such feature therefore it should deal with failures by retrying the request. WS-Trust Enables issue, renew and validate security tokens. WS-AtomicTransaction ACID transactions over a service, REST is not ACID compliant. [9] REST Does not enforce message format as XML or JSON or etc. It has a good caching infrastructure which greatly improve performance when the data is not altered often or is not dynamic Security is provided by the transport mechanism (SSL), it does not have dedicated concepts for each, it relies predominantly on HTTPS Description Language WSDL The Web Service Description Language is used to describe SOAP interface in XML format. A client can read the file and know exactly which methods it can call and the signatures of the methods. The client can discover services automatically and generate useable client proxy from the WSDL. Most SOAP web services would be very cumbersome to use without it. The WSDL is a machine-readable file that is an application can parse it and knows how to make a service call. When a service method is called, a POST request is made to the endpoint of the SOAP service which is a single URL for all API call and only POST requests can be made. The signature details are found in the WSDL document. WSDL version 2 caters for HTTP verbs and it can be useful for documenting RESTful system but it will still very verbose [6]. WADL The Web Application Description Language is used to describe RESTful web services using XML grammar. A client can load the WADL file and access the functionality of the RESTful web services directly. A WADL is normally less verbose than a WSDL [6]. However since RESTful web services have simpler interfaces, the WADL is not mandatory as opposed to WSDL is to SOAP-based web services. Message Format XML A client requires an XML parser in order to get the information from the XML document. The parsing of XML has to go through different stages (character conversion, lexical analysis and syntactic analysis) before machine can interpret it. The parsing of XML document can take a lot of time since XML is a very verbose document and as the XML document gets longer much more time is taken to parse it. By replacing XML document with a remote call, there will be a great performance improvement if both sides of the application uses the same binary logic [10]. JavaScript Object Notation XML is mainly used by most web services for request and response messages but a growing number of web services are using simple data structures (such as numbers, array) serialized as JSON-formatted strings. JSON is expected to be used by a JavaScript call; it is much easier to get a JavaScript data structure from JSON than from XML document. Web browsers don’t have a standard JavaScript interface for XML parser as every browser has a different interface for treating XML document. JSON is normally just a string with some constraints with JavaScript so we can say that JSON string is interoperable on all web browsers. JSON is not attached to JavaScript but an alternative data serialisation to XML. JSON is a simple language-independent method of formatting complex data structures (e.g. array, object, etc.) as string. [11] Pros and Cons Pros of SOAP over REST Some programming languages provides some shortcuts, reducing the effort needed to build a request and parse the response. For example with .NET technology, the XML is invisible in the user codes [8]. SOAP has more mature tool support as compare to REST, but this is likely to change in the future [12]. No native support for SOAP in mobile, even though there are third-party libraries to bring SOAP support, out of the box SOAP support is not available. [13] SOAP has a lot of rules thus make it restrictive as compared to REST in the implementation Cons of SOAP over REST It is much simpler to implement REST as compared to SOAP The learning curve for REST is smaller than SOAP The difficulty lies greatly in the chosen programming language to develop it since some IDE automate the process of generate or referencing the WSDL Has support for error handling and the error reporting provides a standard error codes which can be very useful to handle the request and response in the application consuming it. SOAP is sometimes considered to be slower than legacy system such as CORBA or ICE because of being too verbose [14] While some programming language provides some shortcut to SOAP services, it can be very cumbersome in some others such as JavaScript since an XML structure needs to be created each time a request should be made. Distributed environments is best suited for SOAP whereas REST assumes an end-to-end communication Has strict set of rules for every stage of implementation while REST provides a concept and less restrictive with the implementation Uses strongly type messages, which is a problem for loosely coupled systems. If type signature of an operation is changed, all the clients that was using it will failed [15]. REST is flexible for data representation, it is easier to understand as they add an element of using standardized URIs and give importance to HTTP verb used. They are lightweight as they don’t need extra XML mark-up [6]. SOAP uses XML structure which make it slow as compare Statistics A comparison of web services protocol, styles in 2006 and in 2011 from more than 2000 web services are shown below. It clearly demonstrate that most developers have moved from SOAP to REST. The interest in REST is growing very rapidly whose those in SOAP is declining [16]. Figure 2: Comparison of web services usage in 2006 and in 2011 Figure 3: Web service with JSON support Figure 4: New web service with JSON support only Figure 5: Web service with XML support Real Life Scenario Amazon has SOAP and REST based web services and around 85% of their usage is from the REST-based web service [17]. Although all the beautiful name with SOAP, it is an evidence that developers like the simpler one, that is the REST one [18]. Google has deprecated its SOAP services in favour of a RESTful, resource –oriented service [11] Nelson Minar, used SOAP-based web service to design Google API for Google search and AdWord, he stated to be wrong for choosing SOAP [15]. Conclusion SOAP is more useful for complex web service or when there is critical data involve such as banking transaction where retrying the same request can be very critical. If one need a web service up-and-running quickly, it is better to start with REST rather than SOAP. REST is a good option for web service which are meant to be simple, lightweight and fast. However after using one of the web service, it can be almost impossible to change it to the other one. It would be cheaper to re-build the web service. When making your decision on which type of web service to use, the decision should be which one best meets the requirements with the chosen programming language and in which environment it will be used. Even though SOAP is meant to be flexible to change, add new features, expanding it. It is not the case in practise by the use of strongly-type as it can make existing client to stop working just by changing the type of method signature. References 1

Definition of VARK Learning style

A learning style is the way us humans take in information, process, accumulate, and recall it. Students take in and process information in different ways: by seeing and hearing, reflecting and acting, reasoning logically and ostensibly, analyzing and visualizing, steadily and in fits and starts. VARK is commonly used learning style. It stands for visual, auditory, reading and writing, and kinesthetic learners. Summary of My Learning Style A multimodal study strategy is a method used when you have more than one preference that is discrete. It can also be when someone has no preferences to which study strategy they want to use. About 60% of the peoples study strategy is multimodal. Being multimodal means that you have multiple strong points in areas such as aural, reading, and writing. Those who are multimodal are context reserved which means they can choose a single mode to suit the situation. On the other hand, there are others who are not satisfied until they have had input in all of the preferred styles. They take an extensive period to gather information but often have an immersed and expansive understanding. For example, when trying to figure out something that will be brought about physically later, learners that absorb information better hands on do better when trying out something for themselves. In addition, this visual factor aids students to reproduce information on a test better. Different Learning Styles Visual learners gain information from maps such as diagrams, graphs, and charts. They learn things best through seeing them. Instead of using words, they need the information to be broke down into pieces so it is simply to comprehend. They tend to highlight information in difference colors which makes it easier for them to go back and study. These learners need to see the teacher's body language and facial expression to fully comprehend the composition of a lesson. They favor to prefer sitting at the front of the classroom to avoid visual obstructions. A learner who consumes information from listening is an aural learner. In order for them to absorb information, they attend classes and discussions, discuss the topics with their peers, and can describe visuals to other people. By listening, they are able to obtain information. Aural learners are not able to take good notes and they have to read what they have on paper aloud to someone else. They perform well on a test if they spend time alone recalling ideas and speaking answers out loud or inside their head. Most people can’t understand what people say unless it’s in their own words. Auditory learners explicate the underlying meanings of speech through listening to tone of voice, pitch, speed and other distinctions. Written information may have little meaning until it is heard. Learners who learn by reading and writing have a preference for information being delivered as words. After reading information, they have to write it down so they are able to grasp the material. They take in information from places like handouts, textbooks, notes, and glossaries. Powerpoints are a device that helps them summarize the information. They read information in books and the internet and afterwards write the material they read into their own words. This helps them process and retain information longer than just reading or listening. Kinesthetic learners use their senses to obtain material. Kinesthetic persons learn best through a hands-on approach, actively exploring the physical world around them. They find it hard to sit still for long periods and may become distracted by their need for activity and exploration. They take field trips, work with hands on activities, and use trial and error. They also need real life examples, applications and examples of principles. In order for them to learn the information, they need to remember the real life examples and pictures that were used. Lecture notes don’t really help them because they didn’t understand the concrete information from the beginning because it wasn’t relevant to them. They do better on tests if they have a role play for the information and practice problems that are similar to the information. Kinesthetic learners need a visual aid so the information can be drawn out for them into smaller pieces. They tend to draw out the message rather than reading it out loud or writing it. The phrase â€Å"picture is worth a thousand words† is true for people who fall in this category. They need to see how everything is put together in order for them to gather the information. Comparison of Learning Styles The difference between all the learning strategies is the way you absorb information. Unlike reading, writing, and aural learners, kinesthetic learners have to visualize what they are being taught. Aural learners attain information by listening to lectures and discussions. Others can gain information by reading and writing the material. People like me are multimodal learners, meaning that we can’t just stick one way of learning. Conclusion Depending on the subject, I learn better reading and writing or an aural learner. Listening to information more than once helps me occupy the material better. I also have to take notes and read it aloud so I am able to grasp the material. This helps me learn the information faster and I perform well on tests. I would like to try gaining knowledge from visual aids and more hands on activities. My goal is to improve on my weaker areas which are visual learning style and practice strategies that will allow me to build up the weaker areas.